A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MODIFIED IV MORTALITY TABLE AND THE U.S. STANDARD: IMPLICATIONS FOR SHARIA LIFE INSURANCE USING THE MAN-WHITNEY METHOD
Keywords:
Insurance, Mortality Table, Mann-WhitneyAbstract
The mortality table, sometimes referred to as the life table, displays the likelihood of death for each age group's population members. Actuaries use this table to determine precise life insurance contributions. The mortality table of a country is influenced by several demographic factors of the country itself, such as birth rates, education, economy, socio-cultural aspects, and lifestyle, which can affect the mortality rate. This research employs a quantitative approach, utilising secondary data and the Mann-Whitney method to examine significant differences between the Indonesian IV Modified mortality table and the 1980 CSO mortality table. Additionally, it analyses the impact of education on the mortality table. There is no significant difference in the average mortality rate, and there is an influence of education. The results of the comparative analysis show the impact of education on the mortality table in a country, and there is no significant difference in the average mortality rate between the modified TMI IV and the CSO 1980.
References
Aalaei, M., & Ebrahimnezhad, K. (2025). Modifying premiums for life insurance products using specific mortality tables. Journal of Mathematics and Modelling in Finance, 5(1), 137 – 153. https://doi.org/10.22054/jmmf.2025.83627.1165
Abdeen, M., Jan, S., Khan, S., & Ali, T. (2019). Employing Takaful Islamic Banking through State-of-the-Art Blockchain: A Case Study. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 10(12), 648 – 654. https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2019.0101283
Arianty, E., Utami, T. S. B., Yustiani, S., & Haniyah, R. (2023). The case study of the sharia insurance industry: how far is the spin-off policy being effectively implemented in Indonesia? Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-07-2022-0172
Atancd, D., Balbas, A., & Navarro, E. (2021). Method for forecasting mortality based on key rates. In Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Actuarial Sciences and Finance: eMAF2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78965-7_7
Blackburn, C., & Sherris, M. (2013). Consistent dynamic affine mortality models for longevity risk applications. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 53(1), 64 – 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2013.04.007
Burch, T. K. (2018). The Life Table as a Theoretical Model. Demographic Research Monographs, 121 – 128. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65433-1_8
Cahyandari, R., Kalfin, R., Sukono, R., Purwani, S., Ratnasari, D., Herawati, T., & Mahdi, S. (2023). The Development of Sharia Insurance and Its Future Sustainability in Risk Management: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108130
Cahyandari, R., Sukono, Riaman, & Zamri, N. (2025). Model of Discrete-Time Surplus Process for Scheme of Productive Waqf Integration with Sustainable Fishermen’s Welfare Benefits Based on Several Threshold Levels: Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 17(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020802
Fung, M. C., Peters, G. W., & Shevchenko, P. V. (2015). A state-space estimation of the Lee-carter mortality model and implications for annuity pricing. Proceedings - 21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, MODSIM 2015, 952 – 958. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2699624
Grafféo, N., Jooste, V., & Giorgi, R. (2012). The impact of additional life-table variables on excess mortality estimates. Statistics in Medicine, 31(30), 4219 – 4230. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.5493
Jamil, A., Rahayu, F. A., Himawan, G. P., Santoso, J. P. W., Sebastian, M. H., Rahmadhan, F. R., Effendie, A. R., & Putra, R. A. (2024). Mortality projection: Heligman-Pollard Indonesian life table construction and mortality rate forecasting using Lee-Carter method. AIP Conference Proceedings, 3201(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0230651
Jelili Amuda, Y., & Alabdulrahman, S. (2023). Reinforcing policy and legal framework for Islamic insurance in Islamic finance: towards achieving Saudi Arabia Vision 2030. International Journal of Law and Management, 65(6), 600–613. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2023-0045
Konak, F., & Demir, Y. (2023). Bibliometric Analysis on Islamic Insurance (Takaful). Hitit Theology Journal, 22(1), 11–46. https://doi.org/10.14395/hid.1232415
Lita, T. Y. (2022). Perbandingan Tabel Mortalita Taspen 2012 (Tmt 2012) Dan Tabel Mortalita Indonesia 2011 (Tmi 2011) Menggunakan Uji Mann-Whitney. Binawan Student Journal, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.54771/bsj.v4i1.188
MacDonald, A. S., Richards, S. J., & Currie, I. D. (2018). Modelling Mortality with Actuarial Applications. In Modelling Mortality with Actuarial Applications. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107051386
McKnight, P. E, & Julius Najab. (2010). Mann‐Whitney U Test. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0524
Muhaimin. (2018). The existence of Sharia insurance business arrangements is recognised by positive law. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 21(Specialissue). https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055163659&partnerID=40&md5=297b984f26c82d73bde8af91425d9a1c
Naz, A., Ali, M., & Abadullah, A. (2025). Takaful Governance and Sustainable Practices. In Islamic Finance and Corporate Governance: Synergies for Sustainable Growth. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83662-346-520251023
Nor, M., Rajak, A., Novia Nasution, Y., Nanda, D., & Rizki, A. (2018). Penentuan Besaran Premi Asuransi Jiwa dengan Model Apportionable Fractional Premiums Berdasarkan Tabel Mortalita dengan Metode Interpolasi Kostaki Determination of Life Insurance Premium with Apportionable Fractional Premiums Based on Mortality Table with Interpolation Kostaki Method. Jurnal EKSPONENSIAL, 9(1).
Pavlov, V., & Mihova, V. (2018). An application of survival model in insurance. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5064883
Permana, F. J., Sugiarto, I., & Johan, Y. (2023). Application of the linear hazard transform to model survival probability based on the Indonesian mortality table. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2824(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0158214
Qadri, H. M. U. D., Ali, H., Jafar, A., Tahir, A. U. M., & Abbasi, M. A. (2024). Exploring the hot spots and global trends in Takaful research through bibliometric analysis based on Scopus database (2001-2022). Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 15(2), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-02-2022-0055
Riaman, Parmikanti, K., Irianingsih, I., & Supian, S. (2018). Pricing of premiums for equity-linked life insurance based on joint mortality models. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 332(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/332/1/012040
Sakdiyah, N. H. (2025). Bridging Biodiversity, Sustainability, and Social Impact With Sharia Insurance. In Islamic Finance and Sustainability: A Research Companion. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003518617-21
Salhi, Y., & Thérond, P.-E. (2018). Age-specific adjustment of graduated mortality. ASTIN Bulletin, 48(2), 543 – 569. https://doi.org/10.1017/asb.2018.4
Siddiqui, F. (2013). Takaful. In Contemporary Islamic Finance: Innovations, Applications, and Best Practices (pp. 203–213). John Wiley and Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118653814.ch12
Silaban, B., Tarigan, G., & Siagian, P. (2014). Aplikasi Mann-whitney untuk Menentukan Ada Tidaknya Perbedaan Indeks Prestasi Mahasiswa yang Berasal dari Kota Medan dengan Luar Kota Medan. Saintia Matematika, 2(2), 173–187.
Tanuwijaya, I., Syaifudin, W. H., & Saputra, W. H. (2022). A mathematical model of premium fund management in sharia insurance under modified-mudharabah scheme. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2641. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0115028
Tomas, J., & Planchet, F. (2014). Constructing entity specific projected mortality table: adjustment to a reference. European Actuarial Journal, 4(2), 247 – 279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13385-014-0095-y
Utomo, A. S. B. (2024). Analisis Perbandingan Perhitungan Dana Pensiun Berdasarkan Tabel Mortalitas Pada Model Lee-Carter Dan Tabel Mortalitas Indonesia IV. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
Utomo, H. (2021). Perbandingan Tabel Mortalita Indonesia dan Tabel Mortalita CSO Menggunakan Uji Mann-Whitney dan Uji Kruskal-Wallis. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i3.2364
Wahab, A. R. A., Lewis, M. K., & Hassan, M. K. (2007). Islamic takaful: Business models, Shariah concerns, and proposed solutions. Thunderbird International Business Review, 49(3), 371–396. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20148
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Naeni, Trisna Taufik Dermawansyah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
